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Argumentative Essay On Freedom Of Speech - 1476 Words

When I was young, I thought freedom of speech was the right say and write what you want and everyone who saw would have to except those words. As I got older and the world seemed a little bit colder, I realized that I was right to an extent, but I didn’t fully grasp true freedom of speech as a child. Eventually, while my new understanding isn’t all too different, I did find that my new way of thinking was better off to be heard. Now I see that freedom of speech isn’t exactly the right to say what you want and when you want, but is actually the right to say it without fear of being prosecuted. While many don’t see much of a difference from that, it’s a world’s difference to me. This may be the case, but my own personal opinion on the matter†¦show more content†¦To be simply put freedom of speech â€Å"means the government can’t arrest you for what you say† (Munroe). While that may seem simple, it is often twisted into th e belief that ‘people have to listen to me and can’t criticize me for what I say.’ Overall, it is worth noting that the first amendment is not so black and white as it appears, and that regardless of any solutions or opinions, is a mess of contradictions and what ifs. Like most people, I’ve seen and heard about many issues surrounding the first amendment usually through TVs and social media, but for all I’ve seen, very little has been directed towards me. Because of this, I’ve no way of properly assessing my personal feelings toward previous experiences, but instead have to give my interpretation of others. At the time of writing, a popular subject matter about the first amendment is the current protest through Charlottesville. Nazi’s march down the street waving swastikas and spewing hate to all who disagree. Such actions caused by these people have led to the unfortunate death of a young woman, Heather Heyer, who stood against them and while the law protects that from being arrested for their words, many across the country agree that they have no right to say such things. Which leads to question of where to draw the line for free speech? From a personal standpoint, using your basic rights to hurt others on all levels should in no way be underShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Speech On Freedom Of Speech801 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe freedom of speech violates the rights of others, it is one of the most fundamental rights that individuals enjoy. In this argumentative essay, I’ll discuss why freedom of speech is important, but it’s not the only important right that we have. Yes, freedom of speech should be absolute, but we should not give anyone the chance to define reasonable restrictions. But hate speech should strictly be restricted, as it infringes on free speech of others. â€Å"Have the courage to followRead MoreArgumentative Essay : First Amendment Junkie By Susan Jacoby1042 Words   |  5 PagesAmber Rogers Dr. Kim Loel Argumentative Analysis of the Essay â€Å"First Amendment Junkie† by Susan Jacoby What is a First Amendment Junkie? According to author Susan Jacoby, censorship of any form is wrong. From the beginning of Jacoby’s essay, â€Å"First Amendment Junkie,† it’s obvious where she stands on the topic. Jacoby states that the people who most support the censorship of pornography are women. These women are often self-proclaimed feminists who ironically support the First Amendment. WhileRead MoreArgumentative Essay the Right to Bear Arms1159 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSIDAD DEL TURABO NAGUABO, PUERTO RICO ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY FINAL HOMEWORK LURDES M. PEREZ S00604108 PROF. RAMOS/ENGLISH 153 Right To Bear Arms Imagine waking up in the middle of the night to a complete stranger who is in your house, threatening to harm you, and your family, and you cannot do anything about it. Imagine, not being able to go target shooting or hunting, because there are laws passed to prevent you from owning a firearm. The truth is, more and more people inRead MoreMedia As A Second Estate Of Indian Democracy Regarded A Powerful And Reliable Tool?1216 Words   |  5 Pages DOES MEDIA AS A FOURTH ESTATE OF INDIAN DEMOCRACY REGARDED A POWERFUL AND RELIABLE TOOL? For, Argumentative essay Abstract India is a democratic country with media playing an essential role in spreading information through media channels. People in the country are completely dependent on media either through news press medium or through online news. This is the reason why media as a fourth estate in India is a powerful medium but definitely does not provide validity of informationRead MoreTeaching Philosopy: How to Mark a Book by Mortimer Adler853 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important that students are able to acquire, analyze, and evaluate information, but they also need opportunities to foster new ideas and different points of view in both through classroom discussion and writing; this is an introduction to argumentative theory and vocabulary, which is a key skill to becoming a successful writer. Weekly, one-page response papers are assigned based on their readings, which helps students understand my writing expectations, and gain confidence as the transition fromRead MoreA3 Civil Rights Citizenship A nd Participation1216 Words   |  5 Pagesaffect the whole country. a. Write a 250- to 500-word argumentative essay on one of the listed topics. Choose a topic that you find interesting or is somehow relevant to you: Why are there laws limiting the freedom of speech? Why is it important to balance majority rule with minority rights? Is the use of civil disobedience warranted in response to laws that some people feel are unjust? What is the correct balance between protecting the freedom of religion, maintaining the separation of church andRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1671 Words   |  7 Pages Hari Mainali South University School Uniform â€Æ' Abstract Freedom of dress is violated by restricting on school uniform. A school and university have their own dress code which does not require a particular dress. Some researcher and scholar suggest misbehavior in the student are the result of banning uniform. But misbehavior is what they acquired in their life. Banning uniform, student can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be able to focus on education and saveRead MoreDownfall of Education System was No School Prayer649 Words   |  3 Pagesmothers have increased 5-fold, the teenage suicide rate has tripled, and SAT scores have dropped 10%.(Creation Today). Reasons that represent why prayer and moments of silence should be allowed in the public school system will be expressed. This essay will represent the affirmative stance when regarding this topic of school wide prayer and moments of silence. It is not coincidental that there has been an increase in births to single mothers, divorce rates tripling, and teenage suicide increasingRead MoreMedia Censorship1427 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Freedom of Speech which is the first amendment of the United States Constitution (Anti-Censorship, p.1). They argue that â€Å"Freedom of Speech is a basic human right, and that this should not be eroded or compromised through censorship in a nation which likes to call itself free† (Wilson, 2010, p.1). They also argue that the Freedom of Speech was not put into place to protect only the speech that the majority of people agreed with, rather it was put into place to protect the speech and opinionsRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Essay Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesZhuo Liu Lauren Sassenoff English 1P-5 25 September 2016 Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to eight clergymen in response to their letter known as â€Å"A Call for Unity.†Ã‚  The letter asked for the stop of direct action type protest in Birmingham, Alabama that Martin Luther King was leading.   The letter has become known as one of the greatest works of argument in American history. Part of the reason for the letter’s

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Free Essays

As a result of the current global warming issues and the ever growing scarcity of our current energy resources we may be forced to resort to nuclear energy. The Department of Energy has already given its support to energy companies who have decided to construct nuclear power plants. It appears that nuclear power is the right course to take, but before this decision is finalised it is important to weigh the multiple advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many pros and cons, but they weigh up almost equally which makes it a hard decision to choose the right course of action, nuclear power or non-nuclear power. The first step to deciding on the use of nuclear power entails looking at its pros. These advantages include its low carbon emissions, its containable waste products, its low cost technological research, and its abundant supply of energy. Abundant supply of electrical energy at lower costs. Uranium can be used instead of oil to produce electrical energy. A ton of uranium can release significant amounts of energy once it undergoes the process of nuclear fission. By nuclear fission, the mere splitting of atomic nuclei can go into a series of chain reactions that can produce great amounts of energy to be converted into electricity. Coal heated power plants require millions times more fuel to create an equal amount of energy as one ton of uranium. A very low amount of carbon emissions are created from nuclear power. Since there is no fuel burning process involved in a nuclear reactor, the amount of carbon emission released from nuclear power plants is less than a hundredth of the carbon emissions released by the fuel burning power plants such as coal heated power plants. Nuclear wastes can be contained and controlled. This is unlike carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions which are released in the atmosphere beyond human control. Carbon dioxide emissions have been the biggest factor that affect global warming conditions. Nuclear technology entails low cost. The nuclear technology of fission is a natural occurrence that does not require further development or research to produce energy that can be converted into electricity. The splitting of a large nucleus causes a chain reaction of splitting other nuclei and releasing shooting neutrons that can continuously split more atomic nuclei creating energy in the process. The next step includes comparing these pros with cons. These include the possible accidents or disasters, the possible creation of nuclear weapons, the expensive price of creating the nuclear power plant, The disposal and safe storage solution of nuclear waste, and the possible terrorist threat to nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites. Nuclear accidents or disasters have happened and taken place on different occasions in different locations in the past. Two of the most widely known nuclear disasters that occurred are the Three Mile Island reactor in the US and the Chernobyl reactor in Russia. Even the countries of France and Japan have had leakages and accidents. Japan experienced a partial meltdown of uranium core in Ottawa in 1952 and several other accidents afterwards including the well-known Tokaimura incident in 1999. France experienced its first major nuclear disaster in 1992 while the most recent was in July 2008. The latest involved a plant malfunction which caused 30,000 litres of uranium enriched solution to leak into two of France’s rivers. The possible creation of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty provides that every country has a right to undertake nuclear development for peaceful purposes. Many nations have taken its context as including the development of nuclear weapons because they feel threatened by other world powers. India feels threatened by Pakistan, while North Korea feels the same way about South Korea. Even developing countries will consider nuclear weapons to protect itself from possible threats of invasion. The setting up of nuclear power plants is expensive. Based on historical records, the actual costs incurred in building nuclear power plants have always exceeded the initial estimates. A report released by the US Congressional Budget Office in May 2008 disclosed that the actual costs incurred to build 75 existing nuclear power plants reached $144. 6 billion dollars. The estimated average cost of was $45. 2 billion. Nuclear waste disposal and storage solutions still have to be perfected. Nuclear waste is also known as Spent Nuclear Fuel or SNF. At the moment the only ideal system of treating SNF involves keeping them in temporary storage in deep disposal sites in the ground. However, SNF or nuclear waste disposal is still considered unresolved by many because there are no countries involved in deep ground SNF storage. Instead the nuclear waste is stored in dry-cask storages in steel lined silos with no definite disposal destination. Also uranium and plutonium have very long half lives and will take many years in storage to decay. The nuclear waste products are still considered radioactive for at least one thousand years. This could threaten homes and there residents if they have the radiation emissions enter their homes. Nuclear power plants and SNF storage silos are possible targets of terrorist attacks. Similar attacks like those launched by the 9/11 terrorists are likely possibilities which cannot be dismissed. This may seem unlikely but so did the attack on the twin towers. There are equal amounts of pros and cons for nuclear power usage and the decision to switch to it in the future is still uncertain. Although there are advantages such as the low carbon emissions and the large amount of energy produce from one ton of uranium the are still disadvantages including the possible nuclear disasters in the reactors and the possible terrorist threat. Either way it is necessary the choice is made soon otherwise our resources will be used up and we will be in a lot of strife. How to cite Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power, Papers

How HG Wells shows his low opinion of mankind in War of the Worlds Essay Example For Students

How HG Wells shows his low opinion of mankind in War of the Worlds Essay Throughout the book, Wells demonstrates the fragility of modern civilisation and the true awful nature of man revealed under stress. An example of the easily un-stabilized equilibrium of modern society is given at the beginning of Chapter Sixteen; So you understand the roaring wave of fear that swept through the greatest city in the world just as Monday was dawning this shows how quickly a forceful, unstoppable panic can throw even the greatest example of civilised humanity (egotistically represented by him as London) into chaos. Even the most basic authorities which glue society together and are the last trusted institutions when all else is lost, are shown to fall with little effort by ten oclock the police organisation, and by midday even the railway organisations, were losing coherency, losing shape and efficiency, guttering, softening, running at last in that swift liquefaction of the social body. This shows how the very structure of society is beginning to crumble leaving its lesser parts to run chaotically into non-existence just as that of the liquidating, collapsing corpse that society has become. He then shows how this fast and facile degradation of social structure shows mans true brutal nature, how we so easily revert to our primal fight or flight instincts. Martians have not even reached London and already revolvers were fired, people stabbed and the police, societys epitome of order and law are breaking the heads of the people they were called out to protect the brutality of it all is shown in the words wells chooses to use, rather than the police forcefully creating order they are breaking heads some of the more gruesome imagery which could have been used. Wells not only shows his disdain for man as a whole but focuses on his hate of imperialism (the British Empire in particular). He does so by drawing comparison between the Martians and a European invading force. An example of this would be in Chapter Seventeen The tangled maze of streets would have seemed stripped black with streaming fugitives. This reference to fugitives seems very reminiscent of the chaos left during European imperialist invasions. He also says that the hugest armies Asia has ever seen would be a drop in the current. this is a comment on the devastation caused by modern western warfare against other less advanced armies elsewhere. The way in which the Martian attack is planned shows parallels to that of humans also. They cut the telegraph lines to disrupt communication and destroy lines of railway track to do so to organised travel. They blow up ammunition stores to render our only weapons useless all of which is intended to hamstring ones opponent before they have time to plan and execute an adequate reaction which is notably characteristic of European imperialists in Wells time. However Wells does not to seem to have quite given up on humanity as a whole at the time of writing this book. An example of this is that throughout the book the narrator describes all of the horrors which occur before his eyes with a decided sense of detachment which gives the reader the impression that he is almost emotionless, an inhuman representative of an insensitive species. However this is contradicted in the last few lines and strangest of all is it to hold my wifes hand again, and to think that I have counted her and she has counted me among the dead. This is a definite proof that through it all man has a beauty and nobility which is no better summated than in his capacity for love. The focus on the inner beauty of man is given by the poetic devices Wells uses in these last few lines; by inverting it and is and by repeating the counting amongst the dead he creates a deliberate poetic style. Human nobility in general, it seems, is summed up in the narrators brother. A clear example of this is when he says I dare not leave my people a very dramatic and inherently noble statement. .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .postImageUrl , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:visited , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:active { border:0!important; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:active , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner Analysis EssayThis is also shown when the pitiful miser, who has been run over and paralysed by the speeding carts and is still scrabbling after his money is pulled hot of harms way by his brother even as he bites and hits at his arm whilst risking his own life in the busy street. This is in affirmation of his previous actions when he saves two defenceless women from three thieves by his own fist. This damsel in distress imagery is a classic stereotypical example of human nobility and chivalry. Overall Wells seems to be trying to show that despite the seemingly sturdy and sophisticated nature of human civilisation, we are nothing more than tamed savages. That the only activity in which we are inherently successful is that of laying waste to those less able than ourselves, as the British did so efficiently in Africa and the like a venture to which Wells was most definitely opposed. Although he also says that through all of this degradation of morality and more generally humanity there is something which separates us from mere beasts and vermin; the capacity for chivalry, altruism and emotion.

Home Products stock and bond valuatio free essay sample

In all textbooks, the valuation of stocks and bonds is simply stated as the present value of all the future cash flows expected from the security. The concept is logical, straightforward, and deceptively simple. The valuation of bonds is usually presented first, since the relatively certain cash flows are broken into an annuity and a payment of the par value at some specific date in the future. Preferred stock valuation follows bond valuation and the value of preferred stock is shown to be the present value of perpetual annuity. The cash flows from the constant-size dividend is fairly certain, and most preferred stock does not have a maturity date. Finally, common stock is presented but neither the future cash flows (from dividends) nor the final value is known with any degree of certainty, Generally students seem to understand the bond and preferred stock valuation techniques, but they tend to be very skeptical of the common stock valuation model. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Products stock and bond valuatio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Using the discounted cash flow models on an actual company can help dispel some of the doubts, but more importantly it can indicate how the models explain price behavior. HOME PRODUCTS, INC. Home Products, Inc, (HPI) is a leading manufacturer of prescription and ethical drugs; specialty foods and candies; and proprietary drugs. Important product names include Advil, Anacin, Dimetapp, Norplant, and Robitussin. Total revenues in the last fiscal year were in excess of $9 billion. Long-Term Debt The company has a capital structure that is made up of 34 percent long-term debt, 3 percent preferred stock, and 63 percent common stock. One of the two largest domestic long-term debt issues is an 8.5 percent coupon bond (semi-annual) that is due in 15 years. This debenture is currently selling for $1020. The bond is callable in seven years and if called will be redeemed at a price of 1040. The other large publicly held bond is a 8. 0 percent coupon bond that is due in nine years. This debenture is selling for $990. Both of these bonds are rated A by Moodys. Preferred Stock The preferred stock has a $2. 40 annual dividend with a stated value of $30. 00, but it is currently selling for $31 per share. More than 5.5 million shares were issued in February 2003 in connection with the merger of FDS Holding Company into a subsidiary of HPI. The preferred stock has no voting rights unless the company is in arrears on six or more quarterly dividends, and then each shareholder is entitled to one-quarter vote per share. Common Stock Returns from common stock come from the cash dividend payment and/or changes in the price of the stock. Investors receiving dividends can expect them to grow over time, but some stocks do not pay dividends, especially during their early growth years. As firms mature, they typically start paying dividends and then management is very reluctant to reduce the dividend. For the firms that do not pay dividends, the normal assumption is that the earnings are being retained by the firm to promote growth; thus, the stock price should grow at a higher rate than firms that have high payout ratios. Two major factors that affect the price of stock are changes in the required rate of return, caused primarily by changes in the risk, and change in the growth rate of earnings, which in turn create changes in the growth rate of dividends. The common stock of Home Products currently has over 95 million shares of $3. 125 par value stock outstanding. A share of common stock presently sells for $43. 00 and pays a quarterly dividend of $0. 30 ($1. 20 per year). A consensus estimate (Zacks and IBES) indicates that earnings and dividends are expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent for the next five years. The common shares have no preemptive rights. Stockholders of HPI have the opportunity to buy additional shares of common stock through a plan of automatic dividend reinvestment and optional cash purchase. This plan allows stockholders to have their dividends reinvested in shares of common stock, and they can purchase additional shares at the market price (with no commission) each month. Shareholders who participate in this plan are limited to a total of $1,000 per month that they can use to purchase additional shares. QUESTIONS 1. Look at the 8. 5 percent coupon bond. What is its current yield, its yield-to-first call, and its yield-to-maturity? 2. Do you think this bond will be called? Why or why not? 3. What would be the value of the 8.5 percent coupon bond if the time to maturity was 10 years rather than 15 years? (use your yield to maturity answer in #1) 4. What is the required rate of return for the preferred stock? How does this rate compare to the YTM for the HPI 8. 5 percent bond? Is this difference what you would have expected from a risk/return standpoint? Why or why not? 5. What is the expected dividend yield and the expected capital gains yield for HPI common stock? 6. Giv en that HPI is selling for $43, what is its required rate of return? (Use the constant growth valuation model. ) 7. Assume that the risk-free rate is 5. 0 percent and that the expected return of the market is 10 percent. According to the security market line valuation model, what is the required rate of return for HPI common stock if its beta is 1. 3? 8. Using the constant growth valuation model, find the present value of HPI common stock. Would you buy or sell? Problema 1 Problema 2 Problema 3 Problema 4 Problema 5 Problema 6 Problema 7 Problema 8

Decriminalization is “the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; The WritePass Journal

Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; IntroductionConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; while decriminalized acts are no longer crimes, they may still be the subject of regulation†.Decriminalization eliminates jail time for drug users but maintains criminal penalties for dealers. Penalties for people caught dealing and trafficking drugs are unchanged; dealers are still jailed and subjected to fines depending on the crime. This essay discusses the some of the issues involved in the proposition that the supply of Class A opiate containing drugs should be decriminalized. In the last 40 years the United Kingdom has developed a way of regulating drugs using a complex legislative framework. There are two major acts of parliament regulating drugs; the Medicines Act 1968 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Many of the drugs controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 are also controlled under the Medicines Act 1968 as they are also used in clinical medicine. There is no known statistically significant correlation between intensity or harshness of prohibitive law enforcement on drugs in different countries and the levels of drug use in said countries.   Nevertheless despite massive enforcement efforts likened to a war, the use of â€Å"high harm causing drugs† has risen dramatically over the last few decades. A 2008 World Health Organisation study comparing drug use and different enforcement regimes across the world shows the marginal role for enforcement levels in drug taking decisions. The study’s headline conclusion was: â€Å"Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones.† The main benefits described by supporters of prohibition is that prohibition will reduce levels of drug use, firstly by restricting availability of drugs and secondly through the purposed deterrent effect of the criminal consequences of using illegal drugs. These effects are however poorly supported by evidence. Prohibition protects suppliers by keeping the distribution in the black market and it also creates the risk that makes smuggling illegal drugs very profitable. Therefore after the demand for drugs has been established the profits from supplying such drugs are so great that they incentivize supply despite the risk of criminal consequences. The associated risks end up being factored into the price increase that results from it. The main benefits described by supporters of decriminalization are based on the hypothesis that the legally regulated supply of drugs will draw its trade out of illegality and therefore reduce crime rates related to such illegal trade. By providing quality-controlled drugs under the guidance and supervision of licensed individuals, the health of the drug users would improve. It is also hypothesized that decriminalization would improve access of and increase uptake of addiction treatment. In Portugal drug use was decriminalised nearly 10 years ago. Despite warnings by the opposers of decriminalization of drug use in Portugal, reported rates of drug usage have been declining. This decline however has not been found in the 19-24 age group as a large proportion of this group had already begun consuming drugs before decriminalization. However, younger people growing up since decriminalization, appear less attracted to illicit drug use when compared to their elders who grew up when possess ion and use was criminalised. Other statistics demonstrate a similar picture; there was a marked decline in the number of convictions for supply-related offences, the incidence of HIV and AIDS among intravenous drug users declined and newly reported infections of Hepatitis B and C declined. Drug-related deaths have also decreased significantly. Evidence from several different sources all points to decreasing drug use in Portugal since decriminalization rather than the feared increase; a very persuasive argument against decriminalization. The decision to completely prohibit a good or service that is in demand can generally only be justified in economic terms if the net cost of prohibition will be less than the alternative regulatory policy options. Thus the effect of enforcement efforts on drug availability and price, and how they impact on levels of drug consumption, needs to be considered. The market value of illegal drugs increases greatly as they travel along the various links in the supply chain ; the closer it gets to the consumer the more the price increases. There are three main factors that together determine the harm associated with any drug of potential abuse: the physical harm to the individual user caused by the drug, the tendency of the drug to induce dependence, and the effect the drug use has on families, communities, and society.   In general drugs that lead to intense intoxication are associated with huge costs; costs to systems of health care, social care, and the police. In 2003 Tony Blair commissioned a report on United Kingdom and International Drug policy from the number 10 Strategy Unit (SU). What emerged in Phase 1 of the reporting process, titled ‘Understanding the Issues’, was a â€Å"thorough and clinical analysis by some of the best policy minds in the UK†.   It stated that â€Å"supply-side enforcement interventions are actively counterproductive†. In summary the SU report demonstrated that: Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the production of drugs Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the trafficking and/or availability of drugs Prohibition has failed to reduce levels of problematic drug use Prohibition has inflated prices of heroin and cocaine, leading some dependent users to commit large volumes of acquisitive crime. Even if such supply interventions could further increase prices, this could increase harms, as dependent users commit more crime to support their habits. The SU report also noted that patterns of use often rise and fall independently of price. Price changes tend to have different effects on different populations; lower income users will in general be more responsive to price changes, as they have a proportionally bigger impact on disposable income. Dependent users will show consumption patterns that are generally more price in-elastic. Based on the SU report it can be concluded that prohibitive legislation comes at great financial cost to the United Kingdom. It therefore makes sense to look at the financial costs associated with legal state regulation. The Home Office published a report in 2002   (which was updated in 2006 ) that estimated the economic and social costs of Class A drug use to be  £15.4 billion in 2003/04. The cost of drug-related crime was 90% of this total. The Transform Drug Policy Foundation (TDPF) published a report in April 2009 describing an initial analysis supporting   legally regulated drug supply. This TDPF paper on cost-effectiveness estimated that the total crime, health and other social costs of Class A drug use (in this report heroin and cocaine only) in England and Wales in 2003/04 was  £16.785 billion under the current prohibitionist regime. The most striking conclusion of the TDPF report is that â€Å"prohibition of drugs is the root cause of almost all drug-related acquisitive crime, and that this crime constitutes the majority of drug-related harms and costs to society.† The Report also states that legal regulation   would â€Å"deliver substantial benefits to the treasury and wider community, even in the unlikely event of a substantial increase in use.†Ã‚   The TDPF paper on Cost-Effectiveness estimated the net annual benefit of a move from prohibition to legal state regulation and control of drug markets, using four scenario’s varying from a â€Å"50% fall in use† to â€Å"100% increase in use†, to give a net benefit between  £13.943 billion and  £4.616 billion.   So even in the highly unlikely event of heroin and cocaine use increasing by 100%, the net benefit of a move to regulation and control looks to be substantial. These figures do not seem to be widely known though. According to the TDPF Summary and Briefing paper on the SU report, the findings were â€Å"not made public because its findings undermined the tenets of global drug prohibition†.   The SU report would have put the United Kingdom Government in an awkward position as it is a signatory, and therefore supporter, to the UN’s 1998 10-year drug strategy, whose stated goal is â€Å"A Drug Free World – We Can Do It!† The UN Strategy supports prohibition as the way forward in the so called War on Drugs†. The SU report however demonstrates the opposite; d ecriminalization appears to be, at least financially, a more favorable approach to the problem. A frequently heard argument against legal state regulation is that decriminalisation will encourage drug use and increase use in current dependants. There is however no evidence that when Class A drugs are made available on prescription to dependent users, that levels of use rise. There is however some evidence that other related factors , such as de-stigmatisation and increased access to and contact with service providers, means that prescribed users are in fact more likely to utilise services and thus reduce or even cease use. In December of 2003 Phase 2 of the SU report, titled ‘Diagnosis and Recommendations’, was produced. The Phase II report focuses on the harms caused by the population of problematic heroin and crack users who are responsible for a disproportionately large number of prohibition-related crimes, rather than questioning how prohibition has created these crimes in the first instance (as identified in the Phase 1 report) .   The Phase II report noted that â€Å"Supply-side interventions have a limited role to play in reducing harm initiation into problematic drug use is not driven by changes in availability or price. Risk factors, particularly relating to deprivation, are the prime determinant of initiation into problematic drug use; price and availability play a secondary role, and there is no causal relationship between drug availability and   incidence.Nevertheless in this Phase II of the report, Phase 1’s critique of supply side interventions was sidelined, and an intensification of demand side measures aimed at high harm causing users (HHCUs) was recommended. The aim was to reduce property crime associated with fundraising to support a habit. This later culminated in recommendations in the new 2005 Drugs Act described by TDPF as â€Å"election-time populist†. A similar approach was seen when Professor Nutt published a report in October 2009 in which he stated that alcohol and tobacco were more harmful than many illegal drugs, including LSD, ecstasy and cannabis. The day after publication Professor Nutt was asked to resign as chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD). Nutt responded in the press by stating he was; â€Å"disappointed by the decision but linked it to political considerations†.The forced resignation of Nutt raised concerns amongst committee members over the independence of advice to the government and triggered five further resignations. Another two committee members resigned in spring 2010 over the decision of the ACMD to make Mephedrone illegal claiming they felt that the decision was unduly based on media and political pressure†. Early in 2010 David Nutt founded the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, the goal of his new committee is to complement and eventually supersede the ACMD by à ¢â‚¬Å"providing independent advice that is untainted by government interference†. Since the ACMD was set up in 1971, UK governments have nearly always acted upon their advice; in 1978 the recommendation to downgrade cannabis from class B to C was rejected. In 2002 the ACMD looked again at the status of Cannabis at request of the Home Secretary who accepted the recommendation to downgrade Cannabis from B to C. However in 2008 the Home Secretary rejected advice from the ACMD to keep Cannabis at class C, and in 2009 the Home Secretary vetoed the   ACMD recommendation that Ecstasy be downgraded from class A. It is therefore not possible for the government to uphold the claim that the UK’s drug policy is evidence based. Nutt goes a step further by stating it is also not based on ‘harm’; in 2010 Nutt et al published a multi-criteria decision analysis which showed that heroin, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine were the most harmful drugs to individuals, whereas alcohol, heroin, and crack cocaine were the most harmful to others. Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug, with heroin and crack cocaine in second and third places. Based on these findings Nutt et al conclude that† the present drug classification systems have little relation to the evidence of harm.† Conclusion The decisions taken by successive Governments show that prohibition is being pursued as it is seen as too dangerous politically to promote decriminalisation regardless of the overwhelming arguments to take a different stance. A cost benefit analysis such as described in the different Home Office and TDPF papers is a Utilitarian approach to the problem. It is impossible to ascribe monetary values to what is the heartbreaking suffering of drug dependency and its consequences. Nevertheless as stated in the TDPF report such analysis has its place; it provokes discussion, and also rationalises the debate for policy makers who have to make these seemingly cold and utilitarian policy decisions frequently. The TDPF report concludes that there is a far higher human cost under the current policy of criminally controlled drug markets than would occur under policy alternatives involving state control and regulation. Possibly the time has come for a more utilitarian approach to the human problem of drug-dependency. Given the current economic climate perhaps more politicians will be open to a different viewpoint and solution to a longstanding and to date unresolved problem. Bibliography Brian Vastag.† 5 Years After: Portugals Drug Decriminalization Policy Shows Positive Results† The Scientific American (7 April 2009) scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=portugal-drug-decriminalization (accessed 9/2/2011). Christine Godfrey et al. â€Å"Home Office Research Study 249-The economic and social costs David Nutt et al. ‘Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse’ (2007) Lancet 369, 1047-1053. David Nutt et al. â€Å"Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis† (2010) Lancet 376, 1558-1565. David Nutt. â€Å"Estimating drug harms: a risky business?† Eve Saville Lecture 2009. (2009) crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus1714/Estimating_drug_harms.pdf (accessed 03/03/2011). Degenhardt et al. â€Å"Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.† (July 2008) vol 5, issue 7, 1053-1067. www.plosmedicine.org (accessed 26/02/2011). Douglas N. Husak. â€Å"Guns and Drugs: case studies on the principled limits of the Criminal sanction†. (2004) Law Phil. 23(5), 437-493. Gerald Kennely. â€Å"Regulating the trade in recreational drugs†. (2001) E.J.L. E. 11(1), 69-82. Glenn Greenwald (CATO Institute). â€Å"Drug Decriminalization in Portugal: Lessons for Creating Fair and Successful Drug Policies† (2009) cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/greenwald_whitepaper.pdf   (accessed 25/02/2011). Home Office. Home Office Online report 16/06.   â€Å"Measuring different aspects of problem drug use: methodological developments (2nd edition) (2006) http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/rdsolr1606.pdf (accessed 26/02/2011). Neil Boister. â€Å"Decriminalising the personal use of Cannabis in the United Kingdom: does international law leave room for maneuver† (2001) Crim. L. R. Mar, 171-183. of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000† (2002) http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hors249.pdf (accessed 26/02/2011). Rebecca Kuepper et al. â€Å"Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study†. (2011) BMJ 342:d738. bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d738 (accessed 05/03/2011) Simon Russell, James McVeigh. ‘Next generation challenges: An overview of harm reduction 2010, IHRA’s 21st Conference’ (2011) Int J Drug Policy, 22, 82-86. Transform Drug Policy Foundation â€Å"Drugs Bill 2005-Lords Second Reading Briefing† tdpf.org.uk/TransformresponseDrugsBill2.pdf (accessed 02/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. ‘After the war on drugs: Blueprint for regulation (executive summary)’ (2009) tdpf.org.uk/AboutUs_Publications.htm (accessed 22/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"A Comparison of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Prohibition and Regulation of Drugs† (2009) tdpf.org.uk/AboutUs_Publications.htm (accessed 07/02/2009). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"Number 10 Strategy Unit Drugs Project, Phase 1 Report: â€Å"Understanding the Issues† Transform Summary and Briefing† (June 2003) tdpf.org.uk/Policy_General_Strategy_Unit_Drugs_Report_phase_1.htm (accessed 25/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"Number 10 Strategy Unit Drugs Project, Phase 1 Report: â€Å"Understanding the Issues†.† tdpf.org.uk/Policy_General_Strategy_Unit_Drugs_Report_phase_1.htm (accessed 02/03/2011)

Strategic Mangement Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Mangement Case Study - Essay Example This analysis is useful, because it helps to understand both the strength of current competitive position, and the strength of a position the company is looking to move into. At the early maturity of the industry's lifecycle, the number of new entrants into the smaller production end of the industry continued to grow. However, concentration was occurring among the medium and large players as a result of both local acquisitions and acquisitions by overseas purchasers. The newer producing countries, such as Chile, are perceived to be the bigger threat due to rapid advancements in production quality. The demand for the wine in the domestic market and in the international market was growing since the establishment of the company. We can see that from the fact that in 1998 from 120 tonnes of grapes crushed and less than 1 per cent export volume to 670 tonnes crushed in 1999 and greater than 49 per cent export volume, growth was achieved with minimal comparable overheads and infrastructure. The export figures testify that the growth of the buyer power is increasing over the time. Coopers Creek's own branded product was the winery's focus and, in 2000, it was anticipated that it would sell more in the USA than in the UK. The owner of the winery was concentrating on the development of a small number of markets and selling a broad range of higher margin wines in the on-premise segment. This focus allowed the company to reach consumers willing to pay more expensive prices as New Zealand wines became a permanent category on restaurant wine lists. Supplier power This factor defines the ability of a supplier to control the cost and supply of the inputs in the market. With the management of the quantity and quality of the grape supply proving to be a critical resource issue within the New Zealand industry, investment in plantings are important for the industry as a whole. In order to be successful and sustain profitability in the market, wineries are obligied to reduce costs of production by investing extensively in their own vineyard plantings. Over supply of the wine that takes place in the industry when the harvest is better than previewed, leads to production of lower-cost wines, either by growers forming a cooperative to utilise the excess grapes and produce their own wine or by wineries focusing on low-cost competition. It is anticipated that a low-cost competitor would affect the export market more than the domestic markets. Major decisions in the production of the wine are made at the supply stage and sometimes this involves the buying of bulk wine from other New Zealand producers to keep supplies going. For example, Tesco's in the UK wanted to do a summer price promotion in 1997 on a New Zealand wine. When one of the larger New Zealand wineries failed to respond, Coopers Creek took up the challenge, although it did not have all the wine to meet Tesco's requirements. The

Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Markting - Essay Example It is also a place where they can easily go to during lunch breaks for quick make-overs such as manicures or pedicures. Clients from the offices do not need to commute to go to the salon since it is just walking distance from their offices. Competition is not very stiff because most salons are located in the malls. For the hair, the services offered at the salon include hair cut, shampoo, blow dry, hair relax, hair rebonding, color, perm, wave, hair extension, hot oil and other specialized hair treatments. Grooming services include hair waxing and threading. For the nails, the services offered are manicure and pedicure. Make-up services are also offered. For the body, there is a choice of massage services which include a chair massage, foot massage/spa and a full-body massage. The salon will be marketed as a â€Å"one-stop shop† meaning it offers all the services that a woman is looking for in a salon. There is no need for her to go to one salon to have her hair done and go to another to have a foot spa. The unique selling point of the salon is the convenience it offers to its clients. It is not a high-end salon since the target market are office workers. Prices for the services will be somewhere in the middle-ground to be affordable to its market. To attract customers, coffee, tea or fresh juices will be offered to them while at the salon. Aside from magazines, there will be LCD televisions to entertain them while being serviced at the salon. In this way, even if they have to wait and stay in the salon for hours, the clients will not be bored. Advertising for the salon will be limited to flyers which will be distributed to offices nearby or to passersby. Membership cards will be given to customers wherein they are able to accumulate points for every service done on them. After reaching a certain number of points, they can avail of free services or beauty products or apply the points for discounts. Another marketing strategy that will

VENDORS OF RED BULL CRASHED ICE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

VENDORS OF RED BULL CRASHED ICE - Case Study Example (Red Bull Crashed Ice, 2008) Also, the essay will be a discussion of the vendors needed to make such an event successful. Examples of vendors that will be discussed include; food vendors, beverage vendors, advertising vendors, Music and entertainment vendors, ancillary vendors and security vendors. A sports event without food is a failed one. Reports indicate that many Canadians including the ones at Quebec City are looking for snack based foods. Some of the most common foods to be found in such events include peanuts, soft drinks, hotdogs, and ice cream. Consequently, the Red Bull Crashed Ice event will be more of a success if it contained some of the latter mentioned items. Dry foods such as peanuts and other snack may be sold by many vendors. However, food requiring some sort of heating such as hotdogs and sausages will need to be sold by vendors with stands. The company either has the choice of having stalls where the vendors could be located or alternatively, they could offer these items in carts. The latter approach would be more feasible than the former one because of the fact that the event will only last for one day. Additionally, most food vendors are usually contract based; consequently, most of them may already have their own facilities that would assist them in the process of selling their merchandise. In order to determine how much reception the sports fun will give to a food type, it is essential for one to consider the nature of the sport. In sports where there is less action, then people are likely to get out of their seats and buy items. The Red Bull Ice event will be packed with action as it is naturally a fast sport. (Red Bull Crashed Ice, 2008)Additionally, the weather or the condition of the venue plays a large role. It has been noted that when it is extremely cold, people tend to stay in their seats and move around less, however, when it is warm, then they are likely to look for food stands. In order to ensure that food vendors conduct their business people, it will be essential for food vendors to move around with the commodities because the nature of event is likely to trigger minimal participation from people. In order to boost the success of this event, it will be important for the food vendors to offer a wide variety of foods. For instance, hamburgers, pizzas and some deep fried chicken may be an alternative. It should be noted that most people tend to prefer certain dry foods in sports events because it gives them the flexibility to stand up and cheer their teams without worrying about dropping their food. This means, that the food on offer needs to be easy to handle. There are various ways in which the company can access such food vendors. First of all, it could find out some of the vendors that have taken part in previous events in Quebec thus hiring them. The best way of doing this is by consulting with previous sponsors of the game. Alternatively, the company could search through numerous Food vending sites across the Internet which contain lists of people who have worked in the sporting event before. These vendors normally place their resumes on those websites and the company can then prove whether the claims made in those advertisements are true by calling some of their previous clients. Additionally, some vendors have created websites of where to find them and where they are based Quebec City has a wide range to choose from. One such company is known as Kijiji Edmonton. This company was created with

Ensure The Intended Audience Receive Right Message Media Essay

Ensure The Intended Audience Receive Right Message Media Essay Human beings are the social animals live with others. From the moment we are born until the last moment of our life, our whole life is a process of socialization. We are living with other people in the various kind of things related. Personal chat with the neighbors, teaching someone or learning something forms others, showing the opinions to others so on. All those kind of activities are communication. So, all the human societies involve the communication and the communication takes an important place in the human societies. What is communication? The communication can be defined as a processing of transferring the information by several methods between the sender and receiver. How is the communication made and how do the people ensure the audiences have received the right massage in their communication? Lets discuss about the communication process and the right ways of communication. 2.0 Communication process The purpose of communication is getting the right message across to others clearly. The communication only can succeed when the both parties (the sender and the receiver) understand the same information as a result of the communication. So, how can we make effective communication? A Communication Process is usually used when a sender wishes to communicate formally within an organization. By using the Communication Process, the sender could be ensured that there are no miscommunications to be occurred. Figure à «Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…“.jpg In the figure 1, the sender is the encoder, the message is verbal massage or written message, the channel is one of the medium which to transmit the message, the receiver is the decoder, feedback is a response of the message, and the noise is any kind of interruption which can disturb the communication. And each of the essential elements is playing the important role in making the effective communication. Sender (encoder): A sender is the one who initiate the communication. Anyone who starts the conversation can be a sender. An effective communication is depending on the senders communication skill, level of his knowledge, attitude or how much the sender desires to affect the receiver. The person who uses the appropriate words, sentences, gestures, tone and so on might be a good communicator. The sender has to be well prepared the knowledge for the particular topic before he starts conversation. Also, the sender has to respect the person whom he communicates. Encoding: Encoding is formulating the message. That is not only translating the senders mind (ideas, thinking, information, opinion or etc) into a message but also deciding what kind of medium to use for the communication. Speaking, writing, gesturing, signaling etc can be a kind of encoding. Before, the sender choose the medium, he has to think about the receivers abilities of understanding. For example, if there are an illiterate receiver and the sender sends the written message to him, the receiver will fail to understand the message but the receiver can understand if the sender talks to him orally. The purpose of communication is the sender want to influence the receiver and get the responses. So, how the sender encode the message is the most important in the communication. Channel: A channel is the medium for carrying the message from the sender to the receiver. There are many types of channel for the communication. The channel can be verbal (voice), non verbal (written words), or mass media (television, radio, newspaper, magazine, book and etc). Choosing the right channel is very important to make the receiver to understand the message clearly. Especially for the marketing of the organization, choosing the right channel is very important because it can affect the accomplishment of the project directly. Decoding: Decoding is the interpretation of the message by the receiver. Reading of the written message, listening and understanding of verbal message, and watching the media (television, or film) can be a decoding. The receiver also has to try to understand the meaning of the message form sender. Then can make a effective communication. Feedback: the feedback is the response of the receiver to the senders message. The feedback provides the opportunities of improving the conversation and more effective. It is also giving the chance of evaluating mistakes or right things in the particular conversation. And it helps to regulate the conversation between the sender and the receiver. Noise: The noise is interruptions in communication. It interrupts the communication process and to make the communication ineffective. The Environment is one of the major causes of noises. Anything interrupts the communication can be a noise. For example, the television or radio sound, noise of the children, noise of roadside, bad condition of phone line etc. All those kind of thing can be a noise of communication. Therefore for effective communication, it is necessary to reduce the noise as possible as they can. 3.0 The ways to ensure the intended audience to receive right message The communication skill is attached great important to all the people in these days. The good communication skill helps the people to avoid misunderstanding and argument. It also can help someone to get opportunities in certain circumstances. In the communication, not all the audiences understand the senders message clearly. So, how can sender ensure that the intended audience has received the right message? There are some skills the sender should consider for his communication. Control the voice(volume, tone, and the speed) It is the well known fact that the audiences usually understand the speakers message from the other things a lot more than actual words he uses. Especially, the speakers voice affect the audience understands so much. If the speaker speaks too fast, the audience cannot catch up what the speaker wants to say and if the speaker speaks too slowly, the audience might lose their concentration and cannot receive right message. As same meaning, the speaker needs to control and change his volume, tone and the speed to attract the audience to concentrate in the conversation. Using suitable word and pronunciation To ensure the audience has received the right message, the speaker must use the suitable word. The word cannot be very difficult or too easy to lose the audiences interest. Also, the speakers pronunciation is very important in verbal communication to make the audience to understand .If the speaker speaks the dialect or mispronounces the audience is hard to understand the message. Therefore, the speaker should use the standard language. Using some body language As it mentioned above, the audience more understand the message not from the speakers word. If the speaker uses some body language during the conversation, it will help the audience to understand the meaning of the message. But the speaker needs to be careful to use some body languages because some of the body language has different meaning in different cultures. Reducing the noise Any kind of noises in the communication interrupt the audience to concentrate in the conversation. Only reducing the noises, the speaker can make more effective communication. Sometimes reducing the noise is difficult because some of the noise we cannot control. Well preparation Before the communication, the speaker should prepare himself fist. He should know what the purpose of communication is, and how he is going to talk to the audiences. He also should prepare structure of message and it will help him not to talk about out of point. With well-prepared message, the speaker can get more confident to talk. An d the smooth presenting helps the audience to understand the speakers message clearly. Analyzing the audience before the communication There is a phrase in Korea If you know your enemy and yourself, you can win every battle. As this phrase if the speaker knows about the audiences, he can attract the audience better and make them to concentrate on the conversation. For example, different types of people have different knowledge level, if the speaker knows the audiences knowledge or education level, he might choose right word to present the message and it will help the audiences to receive right message form speaker. Right time, Right place Although the speaker has very great communication skill, if he chooses wrong time or wrong place, the audiences cannot receive the right message. Speech during the lunch time, the audiences cannot concentrate on the speech. Also if the speaker talks in very noise place, the audiences cannot hear what the speaker wants to say. Asking the question to the audiences To ensure the audiences understand the message, the speaker can ask the questions to the audiences during the speech. The speaker can know whether the audiences understand or receive the right message or not immediately. At the same time by asking the question, the speaker can get back the audiences attention too. Controlling the speech time Long speech time can make the audiences to lose their concentration. The speaker might give the audiences short break. It will help the audiences to refresh themselves and they can pay attention in the speech. Using auditory visual effect People decode the message by not only hearing but also seeing, feeling etc. Using the auditory visual effects, the speaker can stimulate the audiences decode abilities. And it will help the audiences to understand the message easier. Providing hand-out If the speaker provides the hand-out to the audiences, it also helps the audience to get right message because the audiences can refer the important point although they miss during the speech. Emphasizing the important point When the speaker speeches, he should emphasize the important point. At the important point, he might speak louder or repeat the point two or three times to let the audiences to know that is the main point of the speech. Especially before the speaker ends the speech, summarize the main point to make sure that the audiences get the right message. Dress code Before the speech starts, the audiences judge the message from the speakers dress code even though it is not related to the message. The speaker should attract the audiences with his dress code, he might be able to attract with the message too. If the speaker shows his neat and tidy visual, the audiences will open their heart to listen to the speech. Using positive words All the people like to listen to the positive words rather than the negative words. So, the speaker might attract the audiences with the positive words to make them to concentrate in the speech. 4.0 Conclusion (Q2) As a person who lives in this world, every day, every hour, even every minutes, we need to communicate with others in different ways. A man plays the different role in different situation. He might be a presenter, a writer, or an audience too. In the communication, the most important part is not only sender but also a receiver. If the both parties do not play their role well it cannot be an effective communication. The sender has to send the message clearly and choose right medium, right time and right place. The audience has to concentrate on the senders message. People cannot live without communication. Therefore they should learn communication skill to avoid any miscommunication. 5.0 Introduction Q2 The well-built communication is one of the competitiveness of the organization. It helps to motivate the employees by sharing the mission and vision for achieving firms goals. Especially how well the firm communicates with consumers affects the firms brand image and revenue. The most common communication medium is an advertisement. And choosing the right medium for the advertisement helps to make impressive communication to the target audiences. The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd is going to introduce the new menu called Bibimbab. Bibimbab is a popular Korean traditional dish. The word literally means Mixed rice. Namul(seasoned vegetables), sliced meat(usually beef), fried egg with Korean traditional chili pepper paste are served on top of the warm white rice. Now the product manager of The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd is looking for the methods, the mediums and the vehicles to use for the communication with target audience. Lets look at their advertisement project. 6.0 Advertising Mediums The advertising medium can described as the method which brings out or carries the advertisers message to the audiences. And the advertising medium makes the connection between the firm which manufactures the products or offers the services and the consumers who are interesting in the products. The media is commonly described as channels of mass communication such as television, radio, newspaper, magazine and so on. The advertising media can be classified major three part; print, electronic, and moving. Print media: The term print media is any printed medium which are commercially published. For example, newspapers, magazine, flyer, brochure and bill-board are kinds of print media. It is the most easy and effective way of spreading the information to the masses. However, the advertisement through the print media has short shelf life because the most of print media advertisement are read once and discarded. Also increasing the popularity internet becomes one of disadvantages of print media advertisement because a lot of people prefer to read online version rather than reading printed version. Electronic media: The electronic media is the medium which uses the electronic energy to access the content for the audience. For example, television, radio, cinema, electronic bill-board are kinds of electronic media. It is the easiest the way to reach the large number of the audiences in a short period of time. And it provides more creativeness for the advertising. However it has some disadvantages. It is limited communication because the length of exposes is limited. Normally the most of advertisements through electronic media are allowed to be exposed around thirty seconds only. Transit media: The transit media is also called as out-door media. The transit media is the medium which uses the vehicles to a platform of advertising. For example, bus, train, monorail are kinds of moving media. It is important to reach audiences of all the ages. It is an advertisement which following the consumer. So, no matter the audiences wants or not he can see the advertising. This point can help to maximise the advertisement effect. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages. Transit media advertisements are easy to damage compare with other mediums because the advertisement is exposed in open environment. Also, it is not appropriate to show all the detailed services of the products. 7.0 Bibimbab advertisement in The Star newspaper Advertising in newspaper has many advantages to the small business owner. It takes lower cost but high effectiveness. 7.1 The advantages of newspaper advertisement are as follow: Cost effective advertisement Through newspaper advertisement, the firm can enjoy lower cost but high effectiveness. The cost of newspaper advertisement is cheaper compare with other mediums such as television, radio, bill-board advertisement. Also it does not need to spend much budget for the high technology artwork. Because the newspapers print quality is not very good. So, simple artwork also should not be a problem for the newspaper advertisement. The newspapers are distributed in large areas. The firm can advertises the product in locally target area through the newspaper distribution. It also helps to save the cost for the firm. Large variety of advertisement size In newspaper advertisement, there are more choices for the size. Depend on the firms budget, purpose, or design, the firm can choose different sizes in different pages. The firm also can choose black and white advertisement or full color advertisement. Physical advertisement The newspaper advertisement is printed advertisement. So it can contain more details such as price list, company details, coupon etc. other medias are hard to contain detail information especially electronic media because it is not physical advertisement so, it is hard to show the detail information. However, the newspaper advertisement can contain more detail information. 7.2 Bibimbab advertisement bibimaba-16.jpg This is very simple Bibimbab advertisement. The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd made this advertisement in The Star newspaper. Because according to Audit Bureau of Circulations, as an English language newspaper, The Star has largest daily circulation in Malaysia. Especially in Kuala Lumpur area, The Star newspaper is No.1distributed English language newspaper. This fact helps The Taste of Korea Snd Bhd to reach the target audiences effectively. The main point in this advertisement is the colourful ingredients of Bibimbab. The Main ingredients of Bibimbab are vegetables and the different colours of vegetable makes the harmonies on the Bibimbab. And the colourful dish can attract the consumer in their first sight. The bowl which contains the Bibimbab is a brass bowl and it shows the Korean traditional custom. The brass bowl was commonly used in the every family for keep the food warm and fresh. The brass bowl is most suitable for Bibimbab as a public dish. The garish back ground colour is enough to emphasise the Bibimbab. Next to the Bibimbab dish, there are a set of spoon and chopstick. It shows Korean traditional food culture as well. Under the Bibimbab picture, there is wording How about BIBIMBAB for lunch today? Bibimbab might be not very familiar name to many people. To write Bibimbab in capital letter and make the font size bigger than others, let the audiences to recognize that this advertisement talks about Bibimbab. And as a word for lunch, the consumer might able to know Bibimbab is a kind of dishes. Asking the readers How about Bibimbab for lunch today? makes the readers more curious about Bibimbab. Every lunch time, people think what to have for lunch today. And the people who see this advertisement might think that what is Bibimbab? Is it delicious? Lets try it for lunch today. At the top of the advertisement, there is a simple explanation of Bibimbab. To use small font to show it is extra explanation only. And at the right bottom there are company details which are company name, telephone number, and the address. If the readers want to get more information, they can make a call to ask directly. All the wordings in this advertisement are white because the background colour is dark gray. So if the wording is dark colour the reader cannot read. If the wordings are too colourful, it interrupts the focus on the colourful Bibimbab picture. White letters can make the harmony with the Bibimbab picture and the background. 8.0 Conclusion In mass communication anyone can be a receiver. Person who watch television, person who read the newspaper or magazine, even the person who waiting for the bus at bus station etc all of them can be a receiver because the mass communication is usually in one way. And it has many kinds of mediums to reach the target audiences. There are three mediums which are commonly used print media, electronic media and transit media. Each media has their own advantages and disadvantages. To analyse communication mediums helps the firm to reach the target consumers at right time, right place, and right methods. The most important thing in mass communication is it must be able to deliver the right message of sender to the audiences very clearly and persuade them. Therefore, when the firm makes the advertisement, it has to consider the use of all the elements of advertisement such as wording font size, theme font, colour, picture, size, background and even structures of it. All those simple elements can affect the success rate of advertisement.

Futurism :: essays research papers

During the first decade of the twentieth century, a group of young Italian painters united together, under the influence of poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Before creating their new style, these painters embraced the ideas of Marinetti’s The Foundation and Manisfesto of Futurism which appeared in the newspaper Le Figaro on February 20, 1909 (Tisdall 7). His manifesto of futurism was primarily concerned with peotry, but artists such as Boccioni, Balla, and Severini used his ideas and applied them to painting and sculpture. The Museum of Modern Art holds Umberto Boccioni’s Dynamism of a Soccer Player, 1913, a fine example of the Futurist vision. In his Futurist Painting: A Technical Manifesto, Boccioni tells us that the â€Å"growing need of truth is no longer satisfied with Form and Colour as they have been understood hitherto. The gesture which we would reproduce on canvas shall no longer be a fixed moment in universal dynamism. It shall be the â€Å"dynamic sensation itself† (Apollonio 27). This goal of creating the dynamic sensation itself, rather than simply a fixed moment within a dynamic action is exemplified, among other ideas of the Futurist movement in Boccioni’s Dynamism of a Soccer Player. Before going further however, it is necessary to discuss some of the principles of Futurism as created by Marinetti. Marinetti’s The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism is a work which begins like a work of poetry, and deals with the celebration with the technology, the future, and the machine, while rejecting the natural world and the past. Marinetti despises the sounds created by canals â€Å"muttering feeble prayers†, and â€Å"the creaking bones of sickly palaces,† while he embraces the â€Å"famished roar of automobiles† (Apollonio 19-20). He orders us to â€Å"shake the gates of life†, and instead, â€Å"test the bolts and hinges† (Apollonio 20). To Marinetti, technology and the machine, such as the automobiles, are to be embraced and celebrated for its speed and beauty. No longer is a natural landscape beautiful, rather â€Å"the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents of explosive breath – a roaring car that seems to ride on grapesho t† is seen as more beautiful than any romantic painting (Apollonio 21). In addition to celebrating the machine, the Futurist movement represents a striding towards the future. This is accomplished by rejecting all of the past, even going as far as saying that it is harmful.

Military Action

In my essay I will investigate the phenomenon of war, starting with its theory and definition, and going to its factors and the principles of its justification, and then finishing with its costs. In particular, I will point out the factors of a just war and support each of them with the necessary argumentation. Also, I will describe the factors that must be considered when military action is justified.And finally, I will mention direct and indirect costs of war. On the whole, the purpose of my essay is to explore on the concept of just war, using the terms: just war and the theory of just war and applying the concepts: concepts of sovereignty, state and nation. In order to provide a necessary scientific ground for my investigation, I will cite the information from reliable sources:   The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Just War Theory† and the War on [T]error by Brian Moresonner, and others.First, according to Brian Moresonner, the roots of the term â€Å"Just War† go back to the Ancient times of Greeks and Sumerians and throughout the history of mankind the concept of just war has been developed [3], eventually growing up into a separate theory with its own principles and traditions. Moresonner in his â€Å"Just War Theory† and the War on [T]error (2004) points out that meaning of â€Å"Just War† â€Å"usually evolves when two or more similarly cultured peoples engage in combat over and over, as they share the same cultural values the two or more peoples set up conventions and perhaps even codes of what is acceptable in combat with each other.† [3].At the same time, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy   (2005) holds that the theory of just war â€Å"deals with the justification of how and why wars are fought.† [4]. This justification can be of two kinds: historical or theoretical. [4]. Theoretical justification deals with ethics of forms of warfare and war. [4]. On the other hand, the historical aspect just ifies rules and agreements applied in different wars across the ages. [4].Second, due to The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2005), every just war is characterized with a list of factors, which generally should contain the following:–   Just cause, which means a cause of aggression can be considered just if it is a response to â€Å"a physical injury (e.g., a violation of territory), an insult (an aggression against national honor), a trade embargo (an aggression against economic activity), or even to a neighbor’s prosperity (a violation of social justice).† [4].–   Proclamation of war made by a proper authority. This factor implies the relationship between government and people, and is closely connected with the concepts of sovereignty, state and nation. In simpler and more general terms, government, as an organ of authority in a state, can declare war. [4].–    The possession of right intention. This factor forbids pursuing self-intere sts or aggrandizement for the sake of justice in the war. [4].–   A reasonable chance of success. This factor means that just cause and right intention are insufficient for a just war. The sides involved should calculate al the benefits and the costs of the campaign.–   Proportion in the means which are used. This factor requires that the goal of the war â€Å"must be proportional to the other principles of just cause.† [4]. For example, if a nation A invades a land which belonged to the nation B, nation B has right to take the land back. It will be a just cause. But at the same time, the counter attack of B should be proportionate and aim only at retrieving the land. [4].Third, in case when the factors of a military action are taken into consideration, those ones, which will justify it, should be based on the right of self-defense. This right was established by the UN Charter, Geneva and the Hague conventions and it states that a nation can start a war is i ts sovereignty is endangered.   So, to my mind, justifying factors should involve :1) Direct aggression against the country, or its allies, or those countries which are not able to protect themselves against a direct aggression. Thus, in the U.S.A. current ideology suggests self-defense as a right response to direct aggression. The main concerns of U.S. ideology here are freedom and safety of its citizens, and proportional intervention against the defender. For example, such war in self-defense against Japan was declared by American policy on December 7, 1941.2)   Indirect aggression against the country. However, this premise is the most difficult to evaluate. This difficulty comes out of ideological divergences of all the countries in the world. In other words, to understand how a particular country would be engaged in a war based on this premise, one must really know the ideology of this country. For instance, all the military actions of the U.S.A. initiated after the World Wa r II are considered to be based on U.S. response to indirect aggression. In this case the term ‘indirect aggression’ implies the controversy between capitalist and communist regimes and the opposition of American democracy to dictatorship of the former U.S.S.R. and its allies.Finally, each war has its direct and indirect costs. To my mind, direct costs of war concern its human casualties and money spent by the parts involved. For example, it was estimated that during World War II 20 million o soviet people died, and the cost of Iraqi war or America has already overreached 2 million dollars. On the other hand, there are indirect costs of wars, which generally can be seen in postwar period. Among such costs I can mention: refugees and immigration, poverty, collapse of economic and political systems, epidemics, pollution of environment, etc.Bibliography:1)   Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, George Schwab, trans., Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 26.2) Mark Osiel, Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999, p.100.3) Moseley Alexander. Just War Theory. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. 28 Aug. 2005 4)  Plaff Tony. Peacekeeping and the Just War Tradition. US Army War Colege. September, 2000

Free Essays on The Battle Of Stalingrad

The battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in World War Two, and considered the bloodiest battle in World War Two by many historians (Kerr). It ended the German offensive in Russia and destroyed much of Germany’s armies and would result in an end to the war (Kerr). Stalingrad is located along the west bank of the Volga River in Russia and was targeted by Hitler for many reasons (website 2). He not only despised Stalin, who the city was named for, but if he could capture the city it would give him easy access to the soviet oil fields in the Caucasus (website 1). The city was also the center of communications in southern Russia and a manufacturing center (website 1). The Battle of Stalingrad was a one hundred and ninety nine day long battle that began in August 1942 and ended on February 2, 1943 (Hoyt). In response to the beginning of the attack Stalin ordered â€Å"Not a step backwards†. He knew he could not afford to lose the city (website 1). After this victory by Soviet Russia, the Nazi leaders faced, for the first time, the prospect of a final defeat (Hoyt). However, the Russian people paid dearly with loss of life and the destruction of most of the city (Hoyt). Hitler and his generals made a big mistake that they would not realize until their defeat at Stalingrad (Kerr). The Germans underestimated their enemy and the Russian willingness and capacity to endure hardship and relentless fighting (Hoyt). Both the German troops and their Russian counterparts were well equipped for the battle. The Germans, under General Friedich von Paulus, had 1,011,500 men, 10,290 artillery guns, 675 tanks and 1, 216 planes (website 1). The Russians, led by General Zhukov had 1,000,500 men, 13,541 artillery guns, 894 tanks, and 1,115 planes (website 1). By the end of the battle, many would be dead or wounded on both sides. General Paulus’ Sixth Army broke through the defenses along the Don River in August and stayed north of Stal... Free Essays on The Battle Of Stalingrad Free Essays on The Battle Of Stalingrad The battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in World War Two, and considered the bloodiest battle in World War Two by many historians (Kerr). It ended the German offensive in Russia and destroyed much of Germany’s armies and would result in an end to the war (Kerr). Stalingrad is located along the west bank of the Volga River in Russia and was targeted by Hitler for many reasons (website 2). He not only despised Stalin, who the city was named for, but if he could capture the city it would give him easy access to the soviet oil fields in the Caucasus (website 1). The city was also the center of communications in southern Russia and a manufacturing center (website 1). The Battle of Stalingrad was a one hundred and ninety nine day long battle that began in August 1942 and ended on February 2, 1943 (Hoyt). In response to the beginning of the attack Stalin ordered â€Å"Not a step backwards†. He knew he could not afford to lose the city (website 1). After this victory by Soviet Russia, the Nazi leaders faced, for the first time, the prospect of a final defeat (Hoyt). However, the Russian people paid dearly with loss of life and the destruction of most of the city (Hoyt). Hitler and his generals made a big mistake that they would not realize until their defeat at Stalingrad (Kerr). The Germans underestimated their enemy and the Russian willingness and capacity to endure hardship and relentless fighting (Hoyt). Both the German troops and their Russian counterparts were well equipped for the battle. The Germans, under General Friedich von Paulus, had 1,011,500 men, 10,290 artillery guns, 675 tanks and 1, 216 planes (website 1). The Russians, led by General Zhukov had 1,000,500 men, 13,541 artillery guns, 894 tanks, and 1,115 planes (website 1). By the end of the battle, many would be dead or wounded on both sides. General Paulus’ Sixth Army broke through the defenses along the Don River in August and stayed north of Stal...

Free Essays on Storming Heaven

Industrialization brought about many changes to the people of Eastern Kentucky and West Virginia. The work place changed dramatically. Before factories and big offices there were things such as farms, people working in barns, merchants, and artisans. People were beginning to work outside the home and an agricultural society had a lot more value than working at home did. Most of the factories were built in the cities and this brought a lot of immigrants to the United States. Not only were immigrants involved but women as well. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries almost all of the land of West Virginia was taken over by coal companies. If people didn’t sell their land they were forced to without knowing what consequences laid in front of them. The coal companies had control of almost every aspect of life. In the novel Storming Heaven the lives of many individuals are drastically changed. You really get a sense of what it was like to actually live the lives that these people did. The novel starts out in Justice and Payne counties which are under the rule of Sheriff Don Chafin. He is working with the coal mines and prohibits the right to organize which keeps unions out of the countries. This is where the lives of these four characters unfold. C.J. Marcum is the first character that is introduced. He sees the evil schemes of the coal companies in their efforts to take the land. â€Å"I was proud of it. My papaw, Henry Marcum, had refused the sign the paper giving the minerals to the railroad. Still he was scared.† (pg.4). You can feel the irony of how it felt for these people to stand up for what they believed in. You can also feel the terror of losing their land. The next character introduced is Rondal Lloyd. Rondal is a smart boy who enters the coal mining with his father at a young age. Rondal and C.J’s paths cross when they join together to go against the coal mining companies. â€Å"American Coal Company ow... Free Essays on Storming Heaven Free Essays on Storming Heaven Industrialization brought about many changes to the people of Eastern Kentucky and West Virginia. The work place changed dramatically. Before factories and big offices there were things such as farms, people working in barns, merchants, and artisans. People were beginning to work outside the home and an agricultural society had a lot more value than working at home did. Most of the factories were built in the cities and this brought a lot of immigrants to the United States. Not only were immigrants involved but women as well. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries almost all of the land of West Virginia was taken over by coal companies. If people didn’t sell their land they were forced to without knowing what consequences laid in front of them. The coal companies had control of almost every aspect of life. In the novel Storming Heaven the lives of many individuals are drastically changed. You really get a sense of what it was like to actually live the lives that these people did. The novel starts out in Justice and Payne counties which are under the rule of Sheriff Don Chafin. He is working with the coal mines and prohibits the right to organize which keeps unions out of the countries. This is where the lives of these four characters unfold. C.J. Marcum is the first character that is introduced. He sees the evil schemes of the coal companies in their efforts to take the land. â€Å"I was proud of it. My papaw, Henry Marcum, had refused the sign the paper giving the minerals to the railroad. Still he was scared.† (pg.4). You can feel the irony of how it felt for these people to stand up for what they believed in. You can also feel the terror of losing their land. The next character introduced is Rondal Lloyd. Rondal is a smart boy who enters the coal mining with his father at a young age. Rondal and C.J’s paths cross when they join together to go against the coal mining companies. â€Å"American Coal Company ow...

Samsung Product Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Samsung Product Portfolio - Assignment Example In the home appliances category, it produces cookers, ovens air conditioners, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and dishwashers. It also manufactures TVs, Speakers, Home theaters, TV/ audio/ video accessories, air track a, d Blu-ray. In the vast and growing area of information technology Samsung provides it consumers with mobile phones and, tablets, PC/ peripherals and printers, as well as, memory and storage devices. These items are produced in various and distinct models to meet the consumers requirements. For instance, Samsung India produces products for the middle and lower classes and provides them at a cheaper price (Krishnamacharyulu & Ramakrishnan, 2012). It achieves this by substituting different parts of a product with cheaper but durable material. Consequently, the company sells more electronic units at a cheaper price in India which is profitable for the company based on the low investment involved. Similarly, Samsung makes different models of phones to suit the needs and costs of its consumers. In Africa, there is a large demand for mobile phones for the purpose of communication. The large population of lower class consumers does not require phones that have sophisticated applications. Consequently, Samsung makes simple models for mobile phones to provide for this market. Nonetheless, it also provides smart phones with innovative technology for the same locations but for a different class of consumers. Samsung electronics is the most conglomerate among consumers. Any product development or investment should be made in the department. Samsung Electronics’ vision is becoming a globally recognized business leader by developing innovative technologies and enriching people’s lives. Its internal environment is designed to achieve this purpose. The company has a management structure that supports diversity.

International Opportunities Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Opportunities - Case Study Example This is extremely tasking explaining why these companies opt to remain local actors. In the course of internationalization, firms prefer where business regulation laws are lax as they can benefit more if they need to test new products (Hoskisson, Hitt, Ireland& Harrison 310-12). Availability of market will work positively for this company that aims at targeting a huge clientele base. A good example is the tobacco sale will work if the regulations are lax. On a negative note, firms may suffer if the regulations are lax, as they may have to pay for some financial risks. In the case where the currencies are not well regulated, the firms may suffer a great deal. The firm may, therefore, operate from losses. Worse still, this company may not get the required products to supply in other countries. Political instabilities in other countries where they hope to venture may also cost the firm if the regulation laws are lax (Hoskisson, Hitt, Ireland& Harrison

Heat and mass transfer calculation for carbon capture pilot plant Assignment

Heat and mass transfer calculation for carbon capture pilot plant - Assignment Example The calculations show that with increase in the flow rate of both streams the temperature drop of the hot stream increased steadily. On the other hand, the temperature rise of the cold stream decreased substantially. The clear jacket allowed the observation that the jacket was continuously full at all times and because neither stream had any color, it was not possible to notice whether the turbulence of the two streams changed at all. In future experiments it might be a good idea to introduce a small stream of dye into both streams to observe turbulence. However, this would lead to a change in the mass flow rate and more importantly in the specific heat capacity, which would have to be accounted for in subsequent calculations. Important findings of this experiment are that the thermal efficiency of the plate and frame heat exchanger is better than that of the concentric tube heat exchanger and secondly, with the increase in flow rate the efficiency improved only marginally. This is perhaps because with the multiple pass arrangement where the two streams changed direction frequently an element of turbulence was already present that did not change much with the change in flow rates. However, the observations taken are too few to arrive at this conclusion with confidence. Important findings of this experiment are that the thermal efficiency of the plate and frame heat exchanger is comparable to that of the concentric tube heat exchanger but lower than that of the plate and frame heat exchanger. Secondly, with the increase in flow rate of the cold stream the efficiency improved marginally. In this case again, the conclusion can be that the design allows for introducing greater turbulence in the shell-side stream through the baffles

Compare and Contrast Melody and Structure in the Brahms, Debussy and Poulenc Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Melody and Structure in the Brahms, Debussy and Poulenc Essay Brahms is a composer in which melody is not the key focus, but still does in fact use it to his advantage. As a romantic composer Brahms definitely uses the features of the romantic era in his music, for example, the augmentation of motifs. This happens regularly throughout the piece but specifically he does an augmentation of the x motif in bar 105-108. Another melodic feature that is present in this Piano Quintet is the use of ornamentation. This helps to create decoration to the melody line and is seen in the y motif at bar 109. The last melodic feature that Brahms predominantly uses is rests and staccatos. This creates a jerky melody throughout for the strings and piano to play. Debussy in contrast, uses smooth melodies, by using slurs, which is shown from the first bar to create his description of the poem. Another contrast to Brahms, is that Debussy uses solos and unaccompanied melodies in his composition and Brahms never lets a part play on its own. Debussy’s main and famous solo that he uses for the melody is in the flute at bar 1. Furthermore, he also uses whole tone scales to be able to create a different melody that has not been used before, and this is shown at bar 31 and 32 in the clarinet. Similarly to Brahms, Debussy decorates his melody, however not with ornamentation but with different rhythms so that he can add in extra note flurrys. For example, the rhythm in bar 3 in the flute, at bar 21-22 has been decorated with demi-semi triplets. Poulenc similarily uses ornamentation in the way that Brahms does in his piece, for example in bar 10 he has used a type of higher mordent. In addition, a melodic feature which is unique to this composition is the arpeggio figures, which is shown in the trumpet in the first three notes. This appergio figures helps us to establish what key we are in. Furthermore, just like the Brahms Poulenc makes use of our ability to make extreme dynamics for the melody,without having to add instruments. It starts off quietly until the fourth bar where it jumps to forte for three homorhythm notes. Lastly, Poulenc uses some chromaticism, just like Debussy. The chromatic melodic figure that appears in this piece is in the trombone in the Coda. Brahms is very particular about the structure of his composition also. The overall structure of the piece is Ternary Form, which is A-B-A or this case Scherzo-Trio-Scherzo. The Scherzo is a movement which is mean to be like ‘a joke’. This structure and Scherzo was influecend by the Classical period as we were still developing the romantic era at this time. Brahms, decides to experiment with the Ternary structure though, so within the Scherzo there are three themes called A,B and C, and these are formed together witha fugato section to form ABCAB Fugato BCAB. Furthermore, the Trio also uses its own Ternary form within itself with different themes. Lastly, the structure of the Fugato section is also experimented with to make it complicated and decorative to the listener, so Brahms uses a fugal subject and countersbujects at the same time and changes the points and instruments in which the different countersubjects come in. He ends the Fugal section with a Stretto, creating a extra part of structure, which uses fragmented ideas from previous melodies. Similarly to Brahms, Debussy uses a Ternary Form structure of ABA. Furthermore, within the A section there is two subsections and a transitions. You can tell each different subsection because there is something new going on in each section. For example, in A1 the main theme of the flute is present, to the transition where the instrumentation changes and the melody starts to get scalic, and then for the final subsection it has a significant difference of a new tempo. This is a comparison with Brahms because Debussy has also experimented within the structure but has not gone to the extent that Brahms has. Lastly, the whole structure is based on description. Debussy is trying to give a musical/visual image to a tone poem, and this helps him to create his structure throughout, because it needed to adapt to what was going on. The Sonata structure is not in fact in Sonata form, it uses a variation of Ternary form. Again like Brahms and Debussy, he does not just use ABA, but create a transition and a coda to go with this to create the structure of his whole piece. This is less ambigious than the other two composers but this is because Poulenc was heavily influenced by the neo-classical style. Moreover, to create a contrast within the piece Poulenc used extended phrase structures and distinct classical style phrasing to help him clarify his structure e. g. bars 1-4. In comparision to Brahms, Poulenc uses themes within his structure to give each section its own miniature structure, for example, in Section A, bars 1-21, there are three themes A (b1-8) ,B (9-17) and C (18-21). In conclusion, there reasons there are similarities between the pieces are because they are all in similar music periods. All it ranges from is the romantic period, where experimentation started to occur, to the 20th Century when experimentation was at its peak. Also, the reasons there are differences between the pieces is because of their own individuals styles and influences. Brahms is still influenced by the Classical period in some aspects due to being so close to the Classical Period, Debussy is in the middle of two periods so is influenced and his piece pushed the periods forward, and lastly, Poulenc was influenced by Neo classicism, and this shows all the composers influences are contrasting.